In the 1950s psychologist Muzafer Sherif did experiments to test the conditions under which squabbling camp boys would unite. What he found is that if the boys were told there was another group from the outside that was coming to do them in, the boys united.
In contemporary geopolitics squabbling Europeans have made up scapegoats over hundreds of years. These included Eastern Orthodoxy, the Ottoman Empire, then the “evil” Soviet Union and today Russia. Without a scapegoat Europeans would have to face how weak they really are as a continent.
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