Like many countries in Africa, Sudan is rich in fertile soil with great gold and oil deposits. Yet 35% of its population live in extreme poverty and half its population has been categorized as food insecure. If we explain this contradiction using anti-communist modernization theory, we are told it is due to Sudan’s failure to modernize (become capitalist) and give up superstitious beliefs. But world-systems theory explains “underdevelopment” as a product of colonization. This article describes how colonization has – and is – working in Sudan.
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